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Camera Lenses and Their Effect

Types of Lenses 

Wide Angle Lenses 

wide-angle lenses usually range between 16 and 35mm, the overall purpose of a wide-angle lens is to capture more within your frame. this may be used for shooting landscapes and cityscapes. they're commonly known to be used in establishing shots in films to help the audience depict time, place, and context. wide angles have a deep depth of field so you are able to have more of the shot in focus. a flaw to wide-angle lenses is that when used in a close-up shot the image can look quite distorted.

Macro Lenses 

the purpose of a macro lens is to make tiny objects seem larger, it allows a photographer to capture little details that are not visible to the eye. macro lenses have a very close focusing distance therefore the photographer has to be very close to the object to allow the image to look very crisp.  macro lenses have a variety of focal lengths that will be used for specific things. 50mm lens will be used for objects such as a coin or some jewelry. 100mm for small insects and 160mm for things such as insects and reptiles. In macro photography, the Depth of Field is limited to close range therefore it is important to understand all your technical settings well in order to maximize how much of your shot is in focus. Keeping the object as flat as possible will keep it on the same plane of focus allowing more of the image to be in focus.  

Zoom lenses 

A zoom lens is a lens with a variable focal length, by twisting the zoom ring on the lens you can alter the focal length of the camera lens. On many zoom lenses, there is a variable aperture as well for example when using a small focal length such as 18mm the aperture may go as low as f/3.5 where when the focal length is higher (around 40mm) there lowest the aperture may go is f/5.6, this is all relative to both the camera and the lens being used. The lenses are very versatile which makes them very desirable as it allows a film crew to shoot on location without having to carry a multitude of lenses to capture each desired shot. 

Telephoto Lenses 

a telephoto lens has a larger focal length compared to the other lenses which are usually above 70mm. Telephoto lenses are most commonly used for bringing distant things closer in order to capture a better image, they create a flattening perspective which isolates the subjects from the background. in terms of physical size, they are quite big and heavy and very long in comparison to other lenses meaning a tripod is useful to stabilize the camera to allow for a better shot to be captured. The longer the focal length the darker the photo will become therefore, when using a telephoto lens it is important to understand the correct technical settings to use in order to capture a correctly exposed image. these lenses affect the sie of the subject compared to the background meaning that the background that is being captured may look bigger and closer to the subject within the shot being taken. this lens is commonly used when capturing sports and wildlife as they are at a safe distance causing no disturbances to whats being captured 


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