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Aperture

 Ther Aperture setting on the camera is what controls how wide the lens, therefore, determining how much light is exposed to a camera. if the picture/video has a shallow depth of field that means the lens will be opened wider whereas a deep depth of field will have a more narrow opening. 

The aperture value is represented in terms of f/number meaning a lower value represents a shallow depth of field and higher will represent a deep depth of field. if the camera is using the F/2.8 aperture setting, only a fraction of the frame will be in focus as opposed to F/22 where a good majority of the frame will be in focus. depending on the lens that's in use, different aperture settings will be available,
lens such as  macro and telephoto allows a larger aperture compared to a standard lens

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